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When were jews persecuted?
The statement was made:
<<<Initial
persecution of Jews was along religious lines. Persecution would
cease if the person converted to Christianity.>>>
But this is not credible, because it violates what Jesus said
of the jews:
John 10:26 But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep, as I said unto you.
John 10:27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:
John 10:28 And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never
perish, neither shall any [man] pluck them out of my hand.
John 10:29 My Father, which gave [them] me, is greater than all; and
no [man] is able to
pluck [them] out of my Father's hand.
John 10:30 I and [my] Father are one.
John 10:31 Then the Jews took up stones again to stone him.
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306:
The church Synod of Elvira banned marriages, sexual intercourse and community
contacts between Christians and Jews. 3,4 |
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315:
Constantine published the Edict of Milan which extended religious tolerance to
Christians. Jews lost many rights with this edict. They were no longer permitted to live
in Jerusalem, or to proselytize. |
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325:
The Council of Nicea decided to separate the celebration of Easter from the
Jewish Passover. They stated: "For it is unbecoming beyond measure that on this
holiest of festivals we should follow the customs of the Jews. Henceforth let us have
nothing in common with this odious people...We ought not, therefore, to have anything in
common with the Jews...our worship follows a...more convenient course...we desire dearest
brethren, to separate ourselves from the detestable company of the Jews...How, then, could
we follow these Jews, who are almost certainly blinded. " |
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337:
Christian Emperor Constantius created a law which made the marriage of a Jewish man to a
Christian punishable by death. |
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339:
Converting to Judaism became a criminal offense. |
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343-381:
The Laodicean Synod approved Cannon XXXVIII: "It is not lawful [for Christians] to
receive unleavened bread from the Jews, nor to be partakers of their impiety." 5 |
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367 - 376:
St. Hilary of Poitiers referred to Jews as a perverse people who God has cursed forever.
St. Ephroem refers to synagogues as brothels. |
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379-395:
Emperor Theodosius the Great permitted the destruction of synagogues if it served a
religious purpose. Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire at this
time. |
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380:
The bishop of Milan was responsible for the burning of a synagogue; he referred to it as
"an act pleasing to God. " |
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415:
The Bishop of Alexandria, St. Cyril, expelled the Jews from that Egyptian city. |
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415:
St. Augustine wrote "The true image of the Hebrew is Judas Iscariot, who sells
the Lord for silver. The Jew can never understand the Scriptures and forever will bear the
guilt for the death of Jesus. " |
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418:
St. Jerome, who created the Vulgate translation of the Bible wrote of a synagogue: "If
you call it a brothel, a den of vice, the Devil's refuge, Satan's fortress, a place to
deprave the soul, an abyss of every conceivable disaster or whatever you will, you are
still saying less than it deserves. " |
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489 - 519:
Christian mobs destroyed the synagogues in Antioch, Daphne (near Antioch) and Ravenna. |
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528:
Emperor Justinian (527-564) passed the Justinian Code. It prohibited Jews from building
synagogues, reading the Bible in Hebrew, assemble in public, celebrate Passover before
Easter, and testify against Christians in court. 3 |
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535:
The "Synod of Claremont decreed that Jews could not hold public office or have
authority over Christians." 3 |
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538:
The 3rd and 4th Councils of Orleans prohibited Jews from appearing in public
during the Easter season. Canon XXX decreed that " From the Thursday before Easter
for four days, Jews may not appear in the company of Christians." 5
Marriages between Christians and Jews were prohibited. Christians were prohibited from
converting to Judaism. 4 |
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561:
The bishop of Uzes expelled Jews from his diocese in France. |
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612:
Jews were not allowed to own land, to be farmers or enter certain trades. |
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613: Very
serious persecution began in Spain. Jews were given the options of either leaving Spain or
converting to Christianity. Jewish children over 6 years of age were taken from their
parents and given a Christian education |
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692:
Cannnon II of the Quinisext Council stated: "Let no one in the priestly order nor
any layman eat the unleavened bread of the Jews, nor have any familiar intercourse with
them, nor summon them in illness, nor receive medicines from them, nor bathe with them;
but if anyone shall take in hand to do so, if he is a cleric, let him be deposed, but if a
layman, let him be cut off. " 5 |
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694:
The 17th Church Council of Toledo, Spain defined Jews as the serfs of the prince.
This was based, in part, on the beliefs by Chrysostom, Origen, Jerome, and other Church
Fathers that God punished the Jews with perpetual slavery because of their responsibility
for the execution of Jesus. 5 |
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722:
Leo III outlawed Judaism. Jews were baptized against their will. |
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855:
Jews were exiled from Italy |
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1050: The Synod
of Narbonne prohibited Christians from living in the homes of Jews. |
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1078:
"Pope Gregory VII decreed that Jews could not hold office or be superiors to
Christians." 6 |
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1078: The Synod
of Gerona forced Jews to pay church taxes |
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1096:
The First Crusade was launched in this year. Although the prime goal of the
crusades was to liberate Jerusalem from the Muslims, Jews were a second target. As the
soldiers passed through Europe on the way to the Holy Land, large numbers of Jews were
challenged: " Christ-killers, embrace the Cross or die!" 12,000 Jews in
the Rhine Valley alone were killed in the first Crusade. This behavior continued for 8
additional crusades until the 9th in 1272. |
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1099: The
Crusaders forced all of the Jews of Jerusalem into a central synagogue and set it on fire.
Those who tried to escape were forced back into the burning building. |
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1121:
Jews were exiled from Flanders (now part of present-day Belgium) |
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1130: Some
Jews in London allegedly killed a sick man. The Jewish people in the city were required to
pay 1 million marks as compensation. |
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1146:
The Second Crusade began. A French Monk, Rudolf, called for the destruction of
the Jews. |
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1179:
Canon 24 of the Third Lateran Council stated: "Jews should be slaves to
Christians and at the same time treated kindly due of humanitarian considerations. "
Canon 26 stated that "the testimony of Christians against Jews is to be preferred
in all causes where they use their own witnesses against Christians." 7 |
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1180:
The French King of France, Philip Augustus, arbitrarily seized all Jewish property and
expelled the Jews from the country. There was no legal justification for this action. They
were allowed to sell all movable possessions, but their land and houses were stolen by the
king. |
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1189:
Jews were persecuted in England. The Crown claimed all Jewish possessions. Most of their
houses were burned. |
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1205: Pope
Innocent III wrote to the archbishops of Sens and Paris that "the Jews, by their
own guilt, are consigned to perpetual servitude because they crucified the Lord...As
slaves rejected by God, in whose death they wickedly conspire, they shall by the effect of
this very action, recognize themselves as the slaves of those whom Christ's death set
free... " |
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1215: The Fourth
Lateran Council approved canon laws requiring that "Jews and Muslims shall
wear a special dress." They also had to wear a badge in the form of a ring. This
was to enable them to be easily distinguished from Christians. This practice later spread
to other countries. |
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1227:
The Synod of Narbonne required Jews to wear an oval badge. This requirement was
reinstalled during the 1930's by Hitler, who changed the oval badge to a Star of David. |
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1229: The
Spanish inquisition starts. Later, in 1252, Pope Innocent IV authorizes the use of torture
by the Inquisitors. |
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1236: Pope
Gregory ordered that church leaders in England, France, Portugal and Spain confiscate
Jewish books on the first Saturday of Lent. 1 |
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1259: A "synod
of the archdiocese in Mainz ordered Jews to wear yellow badges." 1 |
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1261: Duke
Henry III of Brabant, Belgium, stated in his will that "Jews...must be expelled
from Brabant and totally annihilated so that not a single one remains, except those who
are willing to trade, like all other tradesmen, without money-lending and usury. "
2 |
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1267: The Synod
of Vienna ordered Jews to wear horned hats. Thomas Aquinas said that Jews should live
in perpetual servitude. |
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1290: Jews
are exiled from England. About 16,000 left the country. |
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1298: Jews
were persecuted in Austria, Bavaria and Franconia. 140 Jewish communities were destroyed;
more than 100,000 Jews were killed over a 6 month period. |
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1306:
100,000 Jews are exiled from France. They left with only the clothes on their backs, and
food for only one day. |
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1320:
40,000 French shepherds went to Palestine on the Shepherd Crusade. On the way, 140 Jewish
communities were destroyed. |
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1321: In
Guienne, France, Jews were accused of having incited criminals to poison wells. 5,000 Jews
were burned alive, at the stake. |
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1338: The
councilors of Freiburg banned the performance of anti-Jewish scenes from the town's
passion play because of the lethal bloody reactions against Jews which followed the
performances. 9 |
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1347 +:
Ships from the Far East carried rats into Mediterranean ports. The rats carried the Black
Death. At first, fleas spread the disease from the rats to humans. As the plague worsened,
the germs spread from human to human. In five years, the death toll had reached 25
million. England took 2 centuries for its population levels to recover from the plague.
People looked around for someone to blame. They noted that a smaller percentage of Jews
than Christians caught the disease. This was undoubtedly due to the Jewish sanitary and
dietary laws, which had been preserved from Old Testament times. Rumors circulated that
Satan was protecting the Jews and that they were paying back the Devil by poisoning wells
used by Christians. The solution was to torture, murder and burn the Jews. " In
Bavaria...12,000 Jews...perished; in the small town of Erfurt...3,000; Rue Brul�e...2,000
Jews; near Tours, an immense trench was dug, filled with blazing wood and in a single day
160 Jews were burned." (5) In Strausberg 2,000 Jews were burned. In Maintz 6,000
were killed...; in Worms 400..." 3 |
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1354:
12,000 Jews were executed in Toledo. |
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1374: An
epidemic of possession broke out in the lower Rhine region of what is now Germany.
People were seen "dancing, jumping and [engaging in] wild raving ."
This was triggered by enthusiastic revels on St. John's Day - an Christianized version of
an ancient Pagan seasonal day of celebration which was still observed by the populace. The
epidemic spread throughout the Rhine and in much of the Netherlands and Germany. Crowds of
500 or more dancers would be overcome together. Exorcisms were tried, but failed.
Pilgrimages to the shrine of St. Vitus were tried, but this only seemed to exacerbate the
problem. Finally, the rumor spread that God was angry because Christians had been
excessively tolerant towards the Jews. God had cursed Europe as He did Saul when he showed
mercy towards God's enemies in the Old Testament. Jews " were plundered, tortured
and murdered by tens of thousands." The epidemic finally burned itself out two
centuries later, in the late 16th century. 4 |
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1391 :
Jewish persecutions begin in Seville and in 70 other Jewish communities throughout Spain. |
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1394 : Jews
were exiled, for the second time, from France. |
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1431 +: The
Council of Basel "forbade Jews to go to universities, prohibited
them from acting as agents in the conclusion of contracts between Christians, and required
that they attend church sermons ." 5 |
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1434:
"Jewish men in Augsburg had to sew yellow buttons to their clothes. Across Europe,
Jews were forced to wear a long undergarment, an overcoat with a yellow patch, bells and
tall pointed yellow hats with a large button on them ." 1 |
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1453 : The
Franciscan monk, Capistrano, persuaded the King of Poland to terminate all Jewish civil
rights. |
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1478:
Spanish Jews had been heavily persecuted from the 14th century. Many had converted to
Christianity. The Spanish Inquisition was set up by the Church in order to detect
insincere conversions. Laws were passed that prohibited the descendants of Jews or Muslims
from attending university, joining religious orders, holding public office, or entering
any of a long list of professions. |
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1492 : Jews
were given the choice of being baptized as Christians or be banished from Spain. 300,000
left Spain penniless. Many migrated to Turkey, where they found tolerance among the
Muslims. Others converted to Christianity but often continued to practice Judaism in
secret. |
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1497: Jews
were banished from Portugal. 20 thousand left the country rather than be baptized as
Christians. |
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1516: The
Governor of the Republic of Venice decided that Jews would be permitted to live only in
one area of the city. It was located in the South Girolamo parish and was called the
" Ghetto Novo." This was the first ghetto in Europe. Hitler made use of
the concept in the 1930's. |
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1523:
Martin Luther distributed his essay "That Jesus Was Born a Jew. " He
hoped that large numbers of Jews would convert to Christianity. They didn't, and he began
to write and preach hatred against them. Luther has been condemned in recent years for
being extremely antisemitic. The charge has some merit; however he was probably typical of
most Christians during his era. |
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1539: A
passion play was forbidden in Rome because it prompted violent attacks against the city's
Jewish residents. 9 |
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1540: Jews
were exiled from Naples. |
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1543: In
his 20's, Martin Luther, had expected Jews to convert to Christianity in large numbers.
Distressed by their reluctance, he developed a hatred for Jews, as expressed in his
letters to Rev. Spalatin in 1514, when he was 31 years of age. He wrote: |
"I have come to the conclusion that the Jews will always curse and
blaspheme God and his King Christ, as all the prophets have predicted....For they are thus
given over by the wrath of God to reprobation, that they may become incorrigible, as
Ecclesiastes says, for every one who is incorrigible is rendered worse rather than better
by correction." 6
In 1543, he wrote "On the Jews and their lies, On Shem Hamphoras" :
"...eject them forever from this country. For, as we have heard, God's anger
with them is so intense that gentle mercy will only tend to make them worse and worse,
while sharp mercy will reform them but little. Therefore, in any case, away with them! ...What
then shall we Christians do with this damned, rejected race of Jews?
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